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批准申请:在清盘人和债权人的观点之间取得平衡 Sanction applications: Balancing the views of office holders and creditors (simplified Chinese)

Insight

18 June 2020

Hong Kong, Cayman Islands

1 min read

在一项联合官方清盘人向法院要求批准执行一份出售公司资产的协议并被债权人反对的申请中,法院确认了建立一个清晰及高透明度的出售程序的重要性,有关程序应得到利益相关各方的信任,以确保有关出售协议能够符合债权人的最大利益。

背景

Pacific Harbor Asia Fund I,Ltd(已正式清盘)(以下简称“该公司”)的联合官方清盘人(以下简称“JOL”)寻求法院的批准,促使公司签订买卖协议向Muldoon Associates Limited (Stonehill Capital Management,LLC(判决书中称为“Stonehill”)的附属公司)出售该公司的所有非现金资产。

该公司是Pacific Harbor Asia Master Fund(Cayman)L.P.(以下简称“主基金”)的联接基金。主基金是由该公司及Pacific Harbor LP两个有限合伙人组成的封闭式投资工具。该公司的主要资产是主基金公司的77%合伙权益。

联合官方清盘人的批准申请遭到了该公司大多数债权人的反对。作出反对的债权人认为拟议的出售协议不符合债权人的最大利益。债权人亦认为Stonehill是在一个有缺陷的销售过程中被选为中标人的,原因包括:

  • 投标过程没有明确的开始日期。因此清盘委员会和至少一个投标人在2020年1月31日之前对于投标已开始进行一事并不知情;
  • 联合官方清盘人要求投标人在知悉2020年1月31日的招标程序后的3个工作日内提供最终报价;
  • 各投标人对与在投标过程中是否接收了相同的背景资料一事存在争议。

法院须在以上这些考虑与拟议出售的收益本可用作支付联合官方清盘人及其顾问的薪酬这一事实之间取得平衡。该公司自2017年以来一直没有资金支持正式清盘,因此,联合官方清盘人和他们外部顾问的费用仍未被支付。截至2020年3月31日,未付清的清盘费用已经超过400万美元。

法律问题:

法院在作出裁决时考虑了以往批准清盘人行使权力的案例,并取得了JOL的独立意见以考虑证供有否揭示法院在本案应拒绝作出批准的任何实质理由,法院考虑了以下几个关键问题:

  1. 根据以往的案例,在没有其他外来因素的影响下法院会衡量在清盘中就公司资产拥有“实际利益”一方的利益,因拥有“实际利益”的一方或能对最大利益所在作出最佳的判断;
  2. 法院会衡量清盘人的立场和观点, 因清盘人可能并通常会向法院提供具资讯性和客观的意见;
  3. 对投标过程的某些批评是否达至一部分债权人不仅觉得失望,甚至可能产生不满情绪的程度(不论他们之间是否有冲突);
  4. 在客观地被认为具有挑战性和困难的情况下,是否有必要甚至需要确保JOL收到足够的费用;及
  5. 如果拒绝批准拟议的出售协议,公司的财务状况可能会更差或根本无法进一步追回债务。

法官McMillan考虑并引用了英国和开曼群岛的案例(包括Re Greenhaven Motors Ltd [1999] 1 BCLC 635,Edennote Ltd (No 2) [1992] 2 BCLC 89和 In re DD Growth Premium 2X Fund 2013 (2) CILR 361)。上述案例阐述了法院能否行使酌情权作出批准的一般法律原则。法官McMillan 亦强调有关申请并非一项普通的申请,尤其是在对此申请有很多反对声音的情况下,债权人的意愿难免会受到双重角色的影响。

判决

虽然法院认为联合官方清盘人基于他们的专业判断认为执行出售协议实质上可获得最佳结果,并向法院作出批准申请是一个正确的做法,但法院拒绝批准有关申请,其判决理由如下:

  1. 法院考虑了联合官方清盘人的意见,亦认为债权人的意愿亦理应受到法院同等的重视,与此同时法院亦考虑到有部分债权人有可能受到其他与本案无关的因素影响 [1]
  2. 法院并不认为批准出售协议符合公司的最大商业利益,亦不认同投标的过程中有足够的明确性和透明度[2]
  3. 在追讨未来费用并不乐观的情况下,公司能否支付法律人员的费用是一个重要的考虑因素。虽然未付费用并不是最终影响批准申请的法律依据,但在存有忧虑的情况下,即使是程序上的问题,这些忧虑并没有被掩盖或被忽略。即使该申请获得法院批准后费用有可能全额收回,但这些忧虑亦不应被忽视[3]
  4. 所有因素都突显了出售程序须得到所有利益相关方的信任和在法院没有任何保留或担忧的情况下作出批准的重要性[4]。在此案中,出售程序的运作方式可能被认定为不公平,甚至可能被认为对某方不利[5]
  5. 在断定清盘人在批准申请中寻求的濟助是否符合债权人的最大利益时,法院的主要职责是寻找一个可被公正客观地认为无争议的出售程序[6]

奥杰Ogier在此案中代表成功反对有关批准申请的三位债权人。

[1] 第79段.

[2] 第80段.

[3] 第46段.

[4] 第49段.

[5] 第72段.

[6] 第33段.

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This client briefing has been prepared for clients and professional associates of Ogier. The information and expressions of opinion which it contains are not intended to be a comprehensive study or to provide legal advice and should not be treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations.

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