Brian Lacy
Partner | Legal
British Virgin Islands, Jersey
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British Virgin Islands, Jersey
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Insight
06 May 2021
Hong Kong, British Virgin Islands
1 min read
利用离岸临时清算来保全债券持有人根据維好契约提出的债权索賠
离岸公司经常被总部设于中国的大型企业集团用作为促进债务融资交易。当需要发行债券,企业集团通常会成立一所离岸子公司仅作为债券发行人的目的。
债券持有人自然希望得到某种形式的信用保护,而离岸子公司通常不能提供这种保护。这就是维好契约(也称为 “安慰函”)的作用。通过维好契约,中国母公司承诺保持离岸债券发行人的偿债能力和财务稳定,以使其能够履行关于债券的付款义务。
维好契约的一个重要特征是,中国母公司是对其子公司而非债券持有人作出保证。那麼,当子公司因中国母公司在中国进行清算而未能根据维好契约在清算中提出索偿时继而违约债券约定,债券受托人应如何应对?对债券受托人(以及债券持有人)来说,好消息是离岸债券受托人可以采取行动启动追討程序。
以北京大学方正集团有限公司(“PUFG”) 一案为例,PUFG利用两家BVI子公司发行了一系列总值17亿美元的固定利率和浮动利率债券。 PUFG债券由BVI子公司在香港注册的直接控股公司担保,并由PUFG的维好契约支持。
于2020年初,PUFG在中国被接管。该批债券随即暂停买卖,其后亦从香港联合交易所退市。然而,BVI的子公司未能根据维好契约于PUFG的重组程序中提出任何申索,导致债券持有人进退两难。
债券持有人通过债券受托人分别向BVI法院提出了两项独立的申请,要求清算BVI的子公司。通过这方式,法院批准向BVI子公司任命独立临时清算人,以调查针对相关企业的申索的可行性,包括根据维好契约代表BVI 子公司在PUFG的重组程序提出申索,作为债券持有人的最终利益。
PUFG一案显示BVI法院有能力迅速采取行动保护持份者的利益,并在适当的情况下任命临时清算人,以确保根据维好契约提出的申索得到保留,维护债券持有人的利益。如果存在不立即执行对母公司提出的索赔会令索赔被强制没收的风险,那么任命临时清算人有可能是合适的 ─ 这种不作为可能构成资产耗散,并成为寻求紧急任命的基础。
在PUFG一案中,BVI子公司的申索如果不在某个日期之前提出就有可能丧失,因此,BVI法院愿意在清算申请的聆讯(临时清算人将于此聆讯被任命)之前,临时任命清算人接管英属维京群岛(BVI)子公司。
申请清算离岸债券发行人可能是在经济困难时協助强制执行债券违约的重要工具。PUFG的案例表明,离岸法院会在适当的情况下迅速采取行动,任命临时清算人,这样当债券发行人拒绝或无法采取行动时,潜在的执行途径就不会完全丧失。
Ogier成功任命临时清算人接管于BVI注册的债券发行人,以保护和维持PUFG所提供的维好契约中所享有的申索。
Brian Lacy
Partner | Legal
British Virgin Islands, Jersey
Partner
British Virgin Islands, Jersey
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Oliver Payne 彭奥礼
Partner 合伙人 | Legal
Hong Kong
Partner 合伙人
Hong Kong
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Ogier is a professional services firm with the knowledge and expertise to handle the most demanding and complex transactions and provide expert, efficient and cost-effective services to all our clients. We regularly win awards for the quality of our client service, our work and our people.
This client briefing has been prepared for clients and professional associates of Ogier. The information and expressions of opinion which it contains are not intended to be a comprehensive study or to provide legal advice and should not be treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations.
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