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开曼群岛股东估值争议案件中的临时付款指令 – 原则和陷阱

Insight

25 July 2023

Cayman Islands

1 min read

简介

临时付款指令是开曼群岛公司法第238条估值程序的一个重要部分。该指令允许持异议的股东在法院确定其先前所持公司股权的公允价值之前获得大笔款项。

在Xingxuan Technology "星选科技"案[1]中,开曼群岛大法院确认了适用于公司估值诉讼中临时付款指令申请的原则,并就在非正审阶段使用「咨询专家」(consulting expert)确定持异议股东先前持股的价值提供了指导。

背景

Xingxuan Technology "星选科技" (“该公司”)是一家开曼群岛私人控股公司,前称Xiaodu Life Technology Limited “小度生活”,于2017年8月被出售,并通过法定合并方式转让。在对合并提出异议后,持异议股东有权根据《公司法》第238条要求司法确定其先前在公司所持股份的公允价值。

本案持异议股东最近提出了一项临时付款申请,寻求该公司临时先付相当于最初提出的合并对价的金额以及利息。持异议股东认为,就确定临时付款金额而言,最可靠的价值证据是该公司自己在合并协议和该公司在合并后提出购买持异议股东股份的法定要约中对公允价值的陈述。该公司反对持异议股东的申请,认为由于该公司的财务状况和股东协议中包含的清算优先权,不能安全地假设持异议股东以前的股份在审判时被认为具有任何货币价值。

在提出这些论点时,该公司依赖「咨询专家」的估值证据。持异议股东提交了自己的咨询专家的估值证据作为答复。这些咨询专家在审判时没有被委任提供独立的估值证据,也没有在临时付款申请的聆讯上接受盘问。

决定

法院认可并适用了先前在eHi Car[2]中确立的第 238 条诉讼中有关临时付款的原则,包括:

  • 法院可以命令临时支付其认为在所有情况下都合理的任何金额
  • 法院将设法寻求确定可以有把握地假设持异议股东将收回的「不可减少的最低金额」
  • 公司之前所说的公允价值(包括合并对价及其法定要约)至少是考虑公平价值时的一个重要因素
  • 法院还必须考虑是否有任何积极的证据或令人信服的法律论据表明金额低于公司的法定要约。
  • 有必要平衡对持不同意见的股东的偏见,即他们在审判中被拒绝获得可能到期的资金,以及他们可能无法偿还中期付款超过审判法官最终评估的公允价值的任何金额的风险

在本案中裁定支付临时付款时,法院对双方咨询专家提供的估值证据的重视程度有限,因为他们被认为缺乏独立性,尤其是公司的专家,他们在这些诉讼中协助公司已有数年之久。法院指出,此类证据越来越多地用于第 238 条诉讼中的非正审申请,并告诫咨询专家之间不要进行无益、昂贵且耗时的小型争论。为此,它提供了以下有益的指导:

  • 在非正审程序中提交的证据应仅限于事实问题,不应提供意见、看法、评论、讨论、建议、论据或呈件
  • 咨询专家提供的意见不能作为普通事实证据
  • 法律提交事宜应由具有适当资格的律师处理

考虑到以上所有因素,法院发现除了可能应用少数折扣外,该公司没有任何积极或有说服力的证据或法律论据表明在审判中可能出现比当初向持异议股东提供的合并对价更低的估值结果。出于谨慎考虑,法院采取了一种笼统的方法,对合并对价给予15% 的折扣,以用于临时付款。

法院还判定按照2.375% 的司法标准年利率支付临时付款的利息。然而,由于临时付款申请是在诉讼程序的较晚阶段提出的,因此支付利息的期限减少了 50%。

最后,为了消除该公司的顾虑,即如果发现公允价值低于临时付款,该公司可能无法从持异议股东处收回任何超额付款,法院下令将临时付款存入持异议股东开曼律师的计息账户。

讨论

该决定为在第 238 条诉讼中寻求临时付款的持异议股东提供了进一步的确定性。法院将参照持异议股东在审判中可能获得的不可减少的最低金额,裁定一个公正的金额。在没有任何有力证据支持较低估值的情况下,公司本身关于合并和法定要约时的公允价值的陈述将受到高度重视。

法院不会在非正审阶段进行小型审判,并且对除庭审中指定出庭作证的独立评估专家以外的专家提供的评估证据给予有限的重视(如有)。法院将自行进行价值评估,并做出其认为适当的任何调整,以考虑临时付款申请的时间安排以及持异议股东可能无力偿还任何高于最终确定的公允价值的临时付款的任何风险。

奥杰是开曼群岛领先的股东评估公司,代表Xingxuan Technology Ltd异议股东。如需了解更多信息,请联系您常用的奥杰联系人或本文的作者之一。

[1] In the matter of Xingxuan Technology Ltd (unreported, FSD 227 of 2017 (DDJ), 26 May 2023)

[2] In the matter of eHi Car Services Limited (unreported, FSD 115 of 2019 (IKJ), 28 November 2019)

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