Kate Hodson 凯特·赫臣
Partner and Head of ESG (Legal) 合伙人 | Legal
Hong Kong
Partner and Head of ESG (Legal) 合伙人
Hong Kong
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Insight
05 September 2022
Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing
1 min read
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我们观察到客户对以单一项目/资产投资为目的而设立投资基金的兴趣有持续提升。这种“逐笔交易”的投资策略可让私募股权(PE)/创投(VC)基金经理提出对针对性的投资方案,从而允许其投资者可以自行选择应否参与该特定资产的投资。
此架构受推崇的关键驱动因素是,基金经理们越来越倾向于将俱乐部交易制度化,并致力于为首次公开招股前期的投资机会快速筹集资金,特别是为了在当下的投资环境下应对在募集盲池或半盲池基金时可能面临的募资挑战。
本文将探讨单一资产基金架构的一些优势及设立考量因素,并详细阐述奥杰单一资产基金解决方案。
与盲池基金相比,单一资产基金的一些优势:
当然,选择盲池基金的原因也有很多(例如可以分散投资组合风险、设立规模更大、可以依赖基金经理人的技能利用一段时间内来识别投资机会等等)。然而,单一资产基金在某些情况下可能更为合适。
基金注册地和架构选择
开曼群岛以比及近年冒起的英属维尔京群岛 (BVI)都已被证明是亚洲市场接纳为单一资产基金最受欢迎的注册地。一般来说,注册地是基于潜在投资者所在地、相关投资项目所在地以及基金管理人的所在地来确定。另外,成本也是重要的考量因素。
单一资产基金的架构通常为有限合伙或有限公司组织形式。虽然有限合伙是在PE/VC 投资中较为人熟悉的基金载体,但有限公司对于单一资产基金来说则可能是首选,因为它可以降低设立和持续运营的成本。
独立投资组合公司 (SPC) 是另一种颇具吸引力的架构。 基金经理可设立SPC作为一个平台,并通过该平台推出多支基金,且每支基金都由一个单独的独立投资组合 (SP) 表示。开曼群岛和BVI都允许成立 SPC架构,其优势如下:
开曼群岛和BVI都为封闭式私募投资基金引入了监管制度。开曼与BVI封闭式基金制度的一个显着区别是:BVI 对“私募投资基金”规定为该基金应具有“分散投资组合风险”之目的。因此,在不存在“分散投资组合风险”的情况下,可将 BVI 单一资产基金解释为不受相关 BVI 法规(注2)规定的注册和其他运营要求约束。
而在《开曼私募基金法》(私募基金法案)中,“私募基金”的定义不包含“分散投资组合风险”之要求。因此,单一资产基金可能落入“私募基金”的定义(无论投资组合风险有否分散)并需要在开曼群岛金融管理局 (CIMA) 注册。与BVI架构相比,基金载体的成本也相应增加。
因此,我们见证了很多基金发起人和管理人(尤其因基金性质和规模所限须尽量控制成本的发起人和管理人)决定在BVI设立单一资产基金。对于非私募投资基金的BVI资产基金,不仅无须向BVI金融服务委员会(FSC)支付年度申报费,而且也没有法律规定要指派审计师来审计基金的账目(因为基金架构不受FSC监管)。因此,特别是在基金仅投资一家标的公司的情况下,如果该公司的账目已经有审计,基金可以会通过不任命审计师来降低成本。BVI的单一资产基金通常以公司或合伙企业的形式设立。
尽管设立BVI基金架构更有成本优势,我们仍观察到在开曼群岛设立单一资产基金架构的增长需求,特别是因为基金规模较大,所以设立私募基金的监管成本变得更为合理。而特别在一些只有一个「投资者」(根据私募基金法案的定义)的基金,开曼仍然是一个非常受欢迎的选择,因为在这个架构下,该单一投资者基金亦无需在CIMA注册为「私募基金」。在其他情况下,某些普通合伙人和基金经理因为希望保持旗下基金所在地的一致性,也会优先选择开曼。
有关开曼群岛和BVI封闭式基金法规和监管信息,您可以在此处阅读我们的简报。
奥杰能如何协助客户
我们的单一资产基金解决方案将为您提供一站式解决方案,包括以下服务(注3):
· 从BVI或开曼群岛的法律角度提供基金架构的法律意见(奥杰也可提供耿西岛、泽西岛、爱尔兰和卢森堡的法律咨询和建议)
· 协助设立基金架构,并持续提供注册办事处及公司秘书服务
· 协助起草基金架构的文件,包括与客户境内律师和内部法务协作
· 就架构的相关监管提供建议(从BVI或开曼群岛法律角度)
· 必要时向基金董事会提供独立董事服务
· 提供投资者服务,包括投资者准入和 FATCA & CRS (AEOI) 服务
· 提供反洗钱官服务(如适用)
· 提供现金托管服务,作为基金启动但银行账户无法及时开立的短期解决方案
请与我们任何一位投资基金专家联系,以了解更多信息。
注1在BVI,SPC 必须获得 FSC 的批准才可设立 SP,并且未经 FSC 事先书面批准,SPC 不得设立 SP
注2 2010 年《证券和投资商业法》和 2019 年《私募投资基金条例》
注3 奥杰和奥杰环球提供的服务
Kate Hodson 凯特·赫臣
Partner and Head of ESG (Legal) 合伙人 | Legal
Hong Kong
Partner and Head of ESG (Legal) 合伙人
Hong Kong
Contact Kate
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Lin Han 韩琳
Partner 合伙人 | Legal
Hong Kong
Partner 合伙人
Hong Kong
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Nicholas Plowman 包乐文
Partner 合伙人 | Legal
Hong Kong
Partner 合伙人
Hong Kong
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Alan Wong 黄伟麟
Group Partner (BVI) 集团合伙人 (英属维京群岛) | Legal
Hong Kong
Group Partner (BVI) 集团合伙人 (英属维京群岛)
Hong Kong
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Sophie Zhong 钟小辉
Head of Business Development, Shanghai 业务拓展主管—上海 | Business Services Team
Shanghai
Head of Business Development, Shanghai 业务拓展主管—上海
Shanghai
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Davy Guan 关新伟
Head of Business Development, Beijing 業務拓展主管 – 北京. | Business Services Team
Beijing
Head of Business Development, Beijing 業務拓展主管 – 北京.
Beijing
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Ogier is a professional services firm with the knowledge and expertise to handle the most demanding and complex transactions and provide expert, efficient and cost-effective services to all our clients. We regularly win awards for the quality of our client service, our work and our people.
This client briefing has been prepared for clients and professional associates of Ogier. The information and expressions of opinion which it contains are not intended to be a comprehensive study or to provide legal advice and should not be treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations.
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